Skip to Main Content

PSY 211: Research Methods (Adrian-LO)

Direct comments to menglish@nvcc.edu

APA Citation Style Resources

Listed below you will find some basic information for the APA citation style. For more detailed information, including formatting your paper using APA 7, see the NOVA APA 7 Style Guide

You can also find detailed APA 7 information at the Purdue OWL APA Resource Center and the Excelsior OWL Resource Center.

Two Types of Citations in APA

In-Text or Parenthetical Citations

In-text citations tell your professor which source you used at a specific point in the paper.
These citations also correspond to the full citation found in the Reference List at the end of your paper.
Here are four examples of in-text citations:
  1. Name the author(s) and provide a direct quotation:
    • Pollan (2001) explains that "the apple, like the settlers themselves, had to forsake its former domestic life and return to the wild before it could be reborn as an American" (p. 13).
  2. Provide a direct quotation without naming the author(s) directly:
    • "In effect, the apple like the settlers themselves, had to forsake its former domestic life and return to the wild before it could be reborn as an American" (Pollan, 2001, p. 13).
  3. Name the author(s) and paraphrase:
    • Michael Pollan (2001) compares the apple to the settler, because both required an experience in the wild in order to fully express the American experience (p.13).
  4. Paraphrase without naming the author(s) directly:
    • One writer compares the apple to the settler, because both required an experience in the wild in order to fully express the American experience (Pollan, 2001, p.13).
 

Reference List Citations

The reference list includes full citations all sources used in your paper.

Hauter, W. (2012). Foodopoly: The battle over the future of food and farming America. New York: New Press.

Pollan, M. (2001). The botany of desire. New York: Random House.

Citing Journal Articles

SOURCES CITATION IN-TEXT

GENERAL FORMAT:

Journal articles
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of journal publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, Vol#(Issue #, if given), pages xxx-xxx. Digital Object Identifier* (DOI) (format is https://doi.org/xx.xxxx.xx...), if available

(Last Name, Year)

(Last Name & Last Name, Year)

3 or more authors

(Last Name, et al., Year)
One author with DOI* -
from database or in print
Lecky, F. (2019). Should plasma GFAP guide the management of patients with traumatic brain injury and a negative CT scan? Lancet Neurology, 18(10), 98-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30327-8

(Lecky, 2019)

(Lecky, 2019, p. 99)
Two to twenty authors** with DOI* - from database or in print Burgette, J. M., Safdari-Sadaloo, S. M., & Van Nostrand, E. (2020). Child dental neglect laws: Specifications and repercussions for dentists in 51 jurisdictions. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 151(2), 98-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2019.09.010

(Burgette, et al., 2020)

(Burgette, et al., 2020, Table 1)
No DOI* - from database or in print Pursley Dooling, J., Hidalgo, S., & Woebkenberg, J. (2020). How inclusive is your data?: Collection and workflow considerations for sexual orientation and gender identity data. Journal of AHIMA, 91(1), 22-25. (Pursley Dooling, et al., 2020, p. 24)

Journal article with an article number or eLocator

Hunter, R. F., de la Haye, K., Murray, J. M., Badham, J., Valente T. W., Clarke, M. & Kee, F. (2019) Social network interventions for health behaviours and outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS Medicine, 16(9), Article e1002890. 

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002890

When there is an Article number or eLocator, do not list page numbers in the reference. You can use the page numbers for in-text citations.

(Hunter, et al., 2019)
 

Location when there are page numbers.

(Hunter, et al., 2019, p. 22)

No page numbers:

(Hunter, et al., 2019, Types of Interventions section, para. 1)

*DOI: Digital Object Identifier - a unique alphanumeric combination, providing a persistent link to online items – e.g., https://doi.org/10.1037/15969-000

** For 21 or more authors, list the 1st through 19th authors in the reference, followed by an ellipsis (…), then the last author.

Citing Magazine & News Articles

SOURCES CITATION IN-TEXT

GENERAL FORMAT:

Periodical (magazines, newspapers and news sites)
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year, Month Date). Title of Article. Title of Publication. Digital Object Identifier* (DOI) or URL [no period at end]

(Last Name, Year)

(Last Name & Last Name, Year)

Magazine article – No Author, no DOI, available from academic database or print Staying happy, healthy & hydrated. (2018, September). Consumer Reports, 83(9), 34. 

(Staying healthy, 2019)


(Staying healthy, 2019, p. 34)

Magazine online – One Author, no DOI Jhpiego. (2019, April 5). He who hesitates: All-male African clinic fights HIV a new way. Johns Hopkins Nursing. https://magazine.nursing.jhu.edu/2019/04/he-who-hesitates-all-male-african-clinic-fights-hiv-a-new-way/

(Jhpiego, 2019)

(Jhpiego, 2019, para. 6)
Magazine – 2-20 Authors, no DOI, academic database or print Kluger, J., Aciman, A, & Steinmetz, K. (2013, July 8). The happiness of pursuit. TIME Magazine, 182(2), 24-28. (Kluger et al., 2013, p. 25)
Newspaper online, One Author, no DOI Kornberg, M. (2020, February 28). The death toll of the opioid epidemic is higher than originally thought, researchers say. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/02/28/opioid-deaths/

(Kornberg, 2020)

(Kornberg, 2020, para. 15)
Article on News Website, One Author Rogers, K. (2020, March 4). Smartphones may make your headache worse, study finds. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/04/health/smartphone-headache-wellness/index.html

(Rogers, 2020)

Rogers, 2020, Searching for a Cause section, para. 2)

 

Citing eBooks

Entire Book

Mabe, D.  (2005).  BlackBerry hacks.    Retrieved from http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com

 

Walder, D. (2011). Postcolonial nostalgias: Writing, representation and memory. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com

 

Chapter in Edited Book

 

Diallo, D. (2010). From electro-rap to g-funk: A social history of rap music in Los Angeles and Compton, California. In M. Hess (Ed.), Hip hop in America: A regional guide (pp.225-255). Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com

 

Chapter in a Book (no editor, with doi)

 

Westaby, J. (2012). Dynamic network theory: How social networks influence goal pursuit. In Cognition and mental health in social networks (pp.171-201). doi:10.1037/13490-005