This guide is for APA 6. If you are looking for the most up to date edition of APA, please see our APA 7 Citation Guide.

In-Text or Parenthetical Citations

1. Name the author(s) and provide a direct quotation:
   • Pollan (2001) explains that "the apple, like the settlers themselves, had to forsake its former domestic life and return to the wild before it could be reborn as an American" (p. 13).
2. Provide a direct quotation without naming the author(s) directly:
   • "In effect, the apple like the settlers themselves, had to forsake its former domestic life and return to the wild before it could be reborn as an American" (Pollan, 2001, p. 13).
3. Name the author(s) and paraphrase:
   • Michael Pollan (2001) compares the apple to the settler, because both required an experience in the wild in order to fully express the American experience (p.13).
4. Paraphrase without naming the author(s) directly:
   • One writer compares the apple to the settler, because both required an experience in the wild in order to fully express the American experience (Pollan, 2001, p.13).

Reference List Citations

The reference list includes full citations all sources used in your paper.

This guide will help you with APA 6th edition. When NOVA classes begin to use APA 7th edition in Fall 2020, this guide will be updated. See links below for information about APA 7.

APA

You can always ask a librarian for help; however, the following websites may also be of use:

The following websites may help you better understand and avoid plagiarism.  Remember that there are serious consequences for plagiarizing.