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Citing Media

Direct comments to cboyce@nvcc.edu

Citing examples: Interviews and speeches

Only cite an interview if it is retrievable. If it is a personal interview that is not able to be accessed by the reader, follow the guidelines for personal communication.

Interview Template

Interviewee, A. A. (Year, month day interviewed). Title of interview [Interview]. Website. http://xxxxx

Example

Miller, C. (2019, October 7). Chanel Miller - Turning her pain into a rallying cry with Know My Name - Extended interview [Interview]. Comedy Central. http://www.cc.com/video-clips/58th1c/the-daily-show-with-trevor-noah-chanel-miller---turning-her-pain-into-a-rallying-cry-with--know-my-name----extended-interview

(Miller, 2019)

Source: Publication Manual, 10.13 (example 95)

Speech Example 1: In a Book

Safire, W. (Ed.). (1997). Lend me your ears: Great speeches in history. W.W. Norton.

(Safire, 1997)

Speech Example 2: Transcript on the Internet

King, M. J., Jr. (n.d.). The I have a dream speech [Speech transcript]. The U.S. Constitution Online. http://www.usconstitution.net/dream.html (Original work published 1963)

(King, n.d.)

Speech Example 3: YouTube Video

Nobel Prize. (2020, January 10). Malala Yousafzai: Nobel Peace Prize lecture 2014 [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/c2DHzlkUI6s 

(Nobel Prize, 2020)

Speech Example 4: From Vital Speeches of the Day

Manschreck, C. L. (1971). My conscience is bound by the word of God. Vital Speeches of the Day, 37(17), 540–545.

(Manschreck, 1971)

Speech Example 5: Audio Recording

King, M. L., Jr. (1963, August 28). I have a dream [Speech audio recording]. American Rhetoric. https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm

(King, 1963)

Source: Publication Manual, 10.13 (example 96); Transcript of an Audiovisual Work References [APA Style]

It is preferable to locate a speech in a retrievable source (e.g. in a book, website, video, etc.), and then cite that source.

Citing examples: Music

Music Recordings Template

Artist, A. A. (Year). Title of song [Song]. On Title of album. Label. (Original work published Year).

Artist, A. A. (Year). Title of album [Album]. Label. (Original work published Year).

Example

Destiny's Child. (1999). Say my name [Song]. On The writing's on the wall. Columbia.

(Destiny's Child, 1999, 0:43)

Joel, B. (1978). 52nd street. Columbia.

(Joel, 1978)

Sources: Publication Manual, 10.13 (examples 91-92)

Musical Score Template

Note: Use the link below to learn about different ways of citing musical scores, depending on whether it has been edited, republished, in a different language, etc.

Composer, A. A., & Librettist, B. B. (Year). Title of score [Type of Score]. Website. http://xxxxx (Original work published XXXX)

Example

Beethoven, L. van. (1810). Fur Elise [Musical score]. 8Notes.  http://www.8notes.com/scores/571.asp?ftype=gif

(Beethoven, 1810)

Source: Musical Score References [APA Style]

 

Citing examples: Podcasts

Podcast Example

Meraji, S. M., & Demby, G. (Hosts). (2016–present). Code switch [Audio podcast]. National Public Radio. https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch

Seales, A. (Host). (2018–present). Small doses with Amanda Seales [Audio podcast]. Starburns Audio.

(Meraji & Demby, 2016–present; Seales, 2018–present)

  • List the host of the podcast as the author. Alternatively, provide the executive producers, if known. In either case, include their role in parentheses.

  • Provide the span of years during which the podcast aired in the date element of the reference.

    • For a podcast that is still on the air, provide the year the podcast started airing and use the word “present” in place of the second year, for example: (2020−present).

    • For a podcast that has ended and aired for multiple years, provide the start and end years, separated with an en dash, for example: (2017−2020).

    • For a podcast that started and ended airing in the same year, provide just that year, for example: (2019).

  • Specify the type of podcast in square brackets, for example: [Audio podcast], [Video podcast].

  • In general, end the reference with the URL. If the URL of the podcast is unknown (e.g., if accessed via an app, as with the Seales example), omit the URL from the reference.

Podcast episode example

Hannah-Jones, N. (Host). (2019, September 13). How the bad blood started (No. 4) [Audio podcast episode]. In 1619. The New York Times. https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/episode-4-how-the-bad-blood-started/id1476928106?i=1000449718223

Webster, M., & Abumrad, J. (Hosts). (2020, September 11). Bringing gamma back, again [Audio podcast episode]. In Radiolab. WNYC Studios. https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/radiolab/articles/bringing-gamma-back

  • Provide the specific date on which the podcast episode first aired.

  • Provide the episode number after the episode title in parentheses. If the podcast does not number episodes (as with the Webster & Abumrad example), omit the episode number from the reference. Do not italicize the episode title or the episode number.

  • Specify the type of podcast episode in square brackets, for example: [Audio podcast episode], [Video podcast episode].

  • Write the word “In” and then the title of the podcast in italics.